Non-surgical spinal decompression or mechanical traction refers to the use of a special machine to open up the joint spaces in the spine.  It has received much negative press lately, mostly because it had been used inappropriately and at needlessly high costs to clients.  However, before discounting it due to media hype, it should be noted that when used appropriately, traction is a useful and cost-effective treatment for certain spinal conditions.

Mechanical traction, as described in physiotherapy terms, can be a useful tool for conditions of the cervical (neck) and lumbar spine (low back).  These conditions include: disc protrusions (bulges); radiculopathy (nerve root impingement) causing pain, numbness, pins/needles or motor weakness in the respective upper or lower extremity; and generalized spinal pain due to degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA) or spinal stenosis (narrowing of the canals in the spine).

In simple terms, mechanical traction applies a prolonged longitudinal (distraction) force parallel to the spine allowing the vertebrae (spinal bones) and their respective joint spaces to be opened up.  This can relieve pressure on the spinal nerve roots.  It also can minimize pressure on the disc via a “vacuum effect” which may also help with resorption of disc protrusions and/or allow oxygen, nutrients and fluid into the narrowed disc spaces.  Additionally, it stretches the tight muscles and soft tissues in the area of treatment.

It is important to note that traction, if indicated, should be considered only one tool in treating the above conditions.  It is imperative, prior to treatment, that a qualified professional perform a thorough subjective client history, and a physical examination.  This examination should include neurological tests of spinal reflexes, dermatomal (sensory distribution) and myotomal (motor control) integrity of the involved spinal nerve roots.  Assessment of other potential contributing factors such as posture, strength, muscle length, joint mobility and stability should also be evaluated

Traction may be contraindicated in certain cases including active infection or spinal cancer, spinal fracture, severe bone density issues such as osteoporosis, spinal instability, and/or surgical metal implants in the direct area of treatment.

In most physiotherapy clinics, traction is available as a part of a treatment regime at no additional cost above regular physiotherapy fees.

_{Alison Coupe is a registered practitioner of physiotherapy, acupuncture and Gunn-Intramuscular Stimulation at Easthill Physiotherapy and Acupuncture Clinic}